Analyzer Water
PLEASE HELP-TEST TOMORROW (ABOUT MOLECULAR FORMULA)?
A forensic scientist has been called in to determine whether a suspicious death was caused by poisoning. The body of the victim does not have the classic signs of cyanide or other common poisons. The scientist suspects that the poison might be nicotine, C10H14N2.
An unknown substance, found in the victim’s apartment, containes three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The scientist passes a 3.490 g sample of the substance through a carbon-hydrogen combustion analyzer. The products of the analysis are 9.468 g of carbon dioxide and 2.717 g of water. A second sample, with a mass of 2.50 g, is found to contain 9.28 x 10^21 molecules of the substance. Using these data, determine the true formula of the substance.
Thanks sosososososo much in advance! Please lead me step by step on how to get the answer. Much love, thanks.
find grams of the elements using molar masses
9.468 g of CO2 @ (12.01 g/mol C) / 44.01 g/mol CO2) = 2.584 grams of Carbon
2.717 g H2O @ (2.016 g per 2 H’s) / (18.01 g/mol H2O) = 0.304 grams of Hydrogen
3.490 g sample – 2.584 grams of Carbon – 0.304 grams of Hydrogen = 0.602 grams of nitrogen
use molar masses to find moles:
2.584 grams of Carbon @ 12.0 g/mol = 0.2152 mol C
0.304 grams of Hydrogen @ 1.008 g/mol = 0.3016 mol H
0.602 grams of nitrogen @ 14.01 g/mol = 0.04297 mol N
divide by the smallest, to ratio the moles:
0.2152 mol C 0.04297 = 5.0 mol C
0.3016 mol H / 0.04297 = 7.0 mol H
0.04297 mol N / 0.04297 = 1.0 mol N
your empirical formula is
C5H7N
which has a formula mass of 81.1 g/mol
=====================================================
use avagadro’s number to find moles:
9.28 x 10^21 molecules @ 1 mole / 6.022 e23 molecules = 0.0154 moles
find molar mass:
(2.50 g) / (0.0154 moles) = 162.2 g/mol
since the molar mass is double the empirical formula mass,
so is the molecular formula double
your answer is
C10H14N2
likely
Nicotine which is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family
Analyzer Water
What does a Potato Chip have to do with a Moisture Analyzer?
As the summer season sweeps northward thoughts turn to picnics, where sooner or later the ubiquitous crispy potato chips turn soggy thanks to the humidity. That same humidity causes salt to solidify in its cellar and sugar in its bowl. Excess moisture is the bane of many products, which is why manufacturers rely on a moisture analyzer to be sure their products are properly produced and packaged.
Chips, sugar and salt provide excellent examples of the importance of correct moisture content. Moisture content regulations cover thousands of products from acrylic paint to yeast. Since moisture, whether water or other volatiles, represents weight a moisture analyzer or moisture balance can be employed to determine the percentage of moisture in a product.
Setting the Bar
A moisture analyzer is used to corroborate optimum moisture levels in products that support, among other things, their ability to be processed, their shelf life and percentage of weight that is due to water. Moisture levels are set by using drying ovens in a time-consuming process that establishes the reference optimum moisture level by comparing the weight of the product before and after drying. The loss in weight in percent is defined as the reference moisture content. Other parameters include drying time and temperatures.
Once the bar is set, it is the responsibility of the manufacturers to be certain that proper moisture levels are maintained throughout their production processes. This can occur several times as a product moves through the manufacturing and finishing cycle. Speed is essential as deviations may require shutting down the line until the correct moisture levels are restored. This is where the moisture analyzer is put to work.
Moisture balances are precision instruments that can be programmed with up to several dozen drying processes based on the products being analyzed….including drying time, drying temperature and target weight loss as based on the reference methods established in the drying ovens.
A typical moisture analyzer is a unit about 10 x 14 x 7 inches high weighing approximately 13 pounds. Most popular models use a halogen quartz glass heater to drive off volatile content in a process called thermogravimetric measurement. Taking the potato chip as an example, its target moisture content has been established along with testing parameters that are programmed into the analyzer. Several grams of pulverized chip are placed in an aluminum sample plate approximately 3.5 inches in diameter, care being taken to spread the particles evenly over the surface. The plate is positioned in a plate holder that is in turn placed in the moisture analyzer test chamber, the lid closed and the unit activated.
The moisture analyzer will continue operation until the loss of weight reaches plateau of the drying curve or to a point where little or no moisture is given off. The moisture content is shown as a percent on the LCD panel along with the temperature. If it is on target chip packaging continues. If not, adjustments will be required along the processing line. Data are recorded by connecting the moisture analyzer to a PC and printer.
About the Author
Bob received his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1986 and he is still a science geek. After graduating he worked as a bench chemist for 12 years. He then combined his passion for science and business and took entrepreneurial management positions at Hoecsht, Bel-Art and Smiths Detection. Using the skills he learned at the big companies he co-founded, Tovatech, a laboratory equipment distributor, in 2006. Bob’s hobbies include playing, listening and composing music, skiing, working out, the internet and all things science.
How to pass a hydration test for wrestling?
I am cutting a little bit of weight for wrestling, but i failed the test last year when i was NOT cutting weight. they have a hi-tech analyzer and i am afraid i will fail. If i strap a visine bottle full of water to myself and squirt water into my sample, will it work/ be suspicious? Thanks.
No, DO NOT cheat on the test, its for your own good.
ABPA A2 Advance Bio-Photon Analyzer Quick Water Balance
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